What Is a Storm Surge? Why Is It so Dangerous?

Jun 30, 2022
What Is a Storm Surge? Why Is It so Dangerous?

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It’s no secret that tropical storms and hurricanes produce damaging winds and unleash heavy rains that may result in deadly flooding. However what is likely to be much less apparent is that the storm surges they produce may be equally harmful and are sometimes the best menace to life and property alongside coasts.

A storm surge is an irregular rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the expected astronomical tides, based on the Nationwide Hurricane Middle. It’s triggered when the power of the winds shifting cyclonically across the storm pushes water is pushed towards the shore.

The peak of a storm surge relies on a storm’s dimension, ahead movement and angle of strategy, in addition to the depth of the shoreline, stated Dennis Feltgen, a meteorologist and spokesman for the Nationwide Hurricane Middle. A change in a storm’s monitor, even of simply 20 miles, could make a distinction, he stated, and each mile of shoreline alongside the Japanese United States and the Gulf of Mexico is prone to storm surge from tropical cyclones.

“Storm surge has traditionally been the first reason behind loss of life arising from tropical cyclones,” with roughly 50 p.c of all direct fatalities, Mr. Feltgen stated.

In 2017, the Nationwide Climate Service and the Nationwide Hurricane Middle started issuing storm surge watches and warnings alongside the East Coast and the Gulf Coast, and, in 2019, to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Since 2017, 21 tropical cyclones — together with 14 hurricanes, 5 of which had been main — have made landfall and prompted storm surge watches or warnings, he stated.

In 2021, Hurricane Ida roared into Louisiana as a Class 4 storm, producing dangerously excessive storm surges and testing the town’s system for resisting catastrophic flooding. Some areas alongside the coast skilled a storm surge as excessive as 14 toes, based on a report from the middle. It’s estimated that Ida’s winds and storm surge triggered about $55 billion of injury in Louisiana.

In 2008, Ike, a Class 2 hurricane that made landfall close to Galveston Island in Texas, produced surges as much as 20 toes above regular tide ranges. Property injury was estimated to be $24.9 billion. And, earlier than that, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 produced a storm surge 25 to twenty-eight toes above regular tide ranges and triggered about $75 billion in injury within the New Orleans space and alongside the Mississippi coast.

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