Niti Aayog floats idea of full-stack digital banks

Nov 24, 2021

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NEW DELHI: Authorities think-tank Niti Aayog on Wednesday proposed establishing of full-stack ‘digital banks’, which might principally rely on the web and different proximate channels to supply their companies and never bodily branches, to mitigate the monetary deepening challenges being confronted within the nation.
The Aayog, in a dialogue paper titled ‘Digital Banks: A Proposal for Licensing & Regulatory Regime for India’, makes a case and affords a template and roadmap for a digital financial institution licensing and regulatory regime for the nation.
Digital banks or DBs are banks as outlined within the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (B R Act), the paper mentioned.
“In different phrases, these entities will challenge deposits, make loans and supply the total suite of companies that the B R Act empowers them to. Because the identify suggests nonetheless, DBs will principally rely on the web and different proximate channels to supply their companies and never bodily branches,” it mentioned.
Nonetheless, the paper mentioned as a pure corollary to being a financial institution in full sense of its authorized definition, it’s proposed that DBs shall be topic to prudential and liquidity norms at par with the incumbent industrial banks.
“Creating a brand new licensing / regulatory framework is being proposed as regulatory innovation and never as regulatory arbitrage,” it clarified.
The paper famous that India’s public digital infrastructure, particularly UPI, has efficiently demonstrated problem established incumbents.
UPI transactions measured have surpassed Rs 4 lakh crore in worth. Aadhaar authentications have handed 55 lakh crore.
“Lastly, India is on the cusp of operationalising its personal Open banking framework,” the paper mentioned.
“These indices show India has the expertise stack to totally facilitate DBs. Making a blue-print for digital banking regulatory framework and coverage affords India the chance to cement her place as the worldwide chief in Fintech concurrently fixing the a number of public coverage challenges she faces,” it mentioned.
The paper additionally recommends a two-stage strategy, with a digital enterprise financial institution license to start with and Digital (Common) Financial institution license after policymakers and regulators have gained expertise from the previous. Give attention to avoiding any regulatory or coverage arbitrage and giving a stage taking part in discipline is a vital suggestion.
“Furthermore, even with the Digital Enterprise Financial institution license, it recommends a fastidiously calibrated strategy” comprising of challenge of a restricted digital enterprise financial institution license (by way of quantity/ worth of shoppers serviced and the like).
Enlistment (of the licensee) in a regulatory sandbox framework enacted by the RBI, and challenge of a “full-stack” Digital Enterprise Financial institution license (contingent on passable efficiency of the licensee within the regulatory sandbox together with saliently, prudential and technological danger administration), are the opposite steps steered within the paper.
The paper mentioned that whereas RBI’s authority to challenge a license to a banking firm underneath the Banking Regulation Act is easy, a further step is important for making a licensing regime for digital enterprise banks that allows them to supply value-added companies which might be complementary to their core monetary enterprise, on the identical steadiness sheet because the banking companies.
It additional steered that minimal paid-up capital for a restricted digital enterprise financial institution working in a regulatory sandbox could also be proportionate to its standing as restricted.
Whereas the RBI is the ultimate arbiter of what numerical worth constitutes “proportionate”, the paper has proposed a ladder for minimal paid-up capital by means of illustration.
“As per the illustration, upon development from the sandbox into the ultimate stage, a full-stack digital enterprise financial institution shall be required to usher in Rs 200 crore (equal to that required of the Small Finance financial institution),” it steered.
The paper mentioned estimates point out that DBs have excessive price effectivity.
It additionally famous that the prevalent neo-bank enterprise mannequin in India is a operate of regulatory vacuum.
“Within the absence of a licensing regime for full-stack digital banks, fintechs providing the neo-bank proposition in India have improvised and adopted the front-end neo-banks mannequin,” it mentioned.
Niti Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant in his foreword mentioned this dialogue paper examines the worldwide situation, and based mostly on the identical, recommends a brand new phase of regulated entities — full-stack digital banks.
“Based mostly on the feedback obtained, the paper shall be finalized and shared as a coverage suggestion from Niti Aayog,” he mentioned.
Whereas India has made speedy strides in the direction of enabling monetary inclusion, credit score penetration stays a public coverage problem, particularly for the nation’s 63 million odd MSMEs.



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